{ "updated": "2026-11-05", "entries": 108, "photos": [ { "id": "BM-009", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "USGS — Paleowetland deposits showing a black mat", "source_url": "https://www.usgs.gov/media/images/paleowetland-deposits-showing-black-mat", "locator": "Jeff Pigati photograph", "source_date": "", "notes": "Clear profile; useful baseline for newcomers.", "family": "USGS Pigati Murray", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Public domain — USGS source", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-009.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-009-thumb.webp", "width": 1600, "height": 1020, "entry_ids": [ "BM-009" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-003", "site": "Blackwater Draw", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 16", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Clear pale exposure and thin dark band; strong introductory image.", "family": "Howard slide 16", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-003.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-003-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-003" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 17: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-17-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-089", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 6a", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Algal mat above the Clovis surface. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-089.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-089-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 239, "entry_ids": [ "BM-089" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig6.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-091", "site": "Blackwater Draw", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 6c", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Diatomite above the Clovis-bearing sands. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Photograph: Glen L. Evans. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-091.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-091-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 240, "entry_ids": [ "BM-091" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig6.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-101", "site": "Carter/Kerr-McGee", "region": "USA · Wyoming", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 8a", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark wetland soil. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-101.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-101-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 237, "entry_ids": [ "BM-101" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig8.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-103", "site": "Gilcrease Spring", "region": "USA · Nevada", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 8c", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Peat exposed in a spring mound. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-103.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-103-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 240, "entry_ids": [ "BM-103" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig8.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-079", "site": "Newtonville", "region": "USA · New Jersey", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Kinzie et al. — nanodiamond study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/677046", "locator": "Appendix B, Fig. B6", "source_date": "2014 paper; Tusk supplemental copy", "notes": "A gray-black band crosses this sand exposure, with sample locations and the proposed YDB labeled. The supplement reports no direct date on the proposed boundary layer; its age remains less secure than the visual clarity of the band. Photograph credited to M. Demitroff and M. LeCompte.", "family": "Kinzie et al. — nanodiamond study / Appendix B, Fig. B6", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Photo credited to M. Demitroff and M. LeCompte; reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-079.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-079-thumb.webp", "width": 864, "height": 542, "entry_ids": [ "BM-079" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Supplementary figure and caption (PDF, page 24)", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Nanodiamond-Supplementary.pdf#page=24" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-076", "site": "Lingen / Lommel / Ommen", "region": "Germany / Belgium / Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Wolbach et al. — biomass-burning study, Part 2", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/695704", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. A6", "source_date": "2018", "notes": "Three exposed European soil profiles. Red arrows identify the horizons discussed by the authors. Lingen (A) and Ommen (C) extend this collection to two additional sites; Lommel is the comparison in panel B. The proposed YDB correlation is an interpretation, and the Usselo soil is not everywhere a single-age event layer.", "family": "Wolbach et al. — biomass-burning study, Part 2 / Supplementary Fig. A6", "shortlist": true, "rights": "© University of Chicago; open reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-076.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-076-thumb.webp", "width": 949, "height": 1900, "entry_ids": [ "BM-076", "BM-077", "BM-078" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Lingen", "region": "Germany", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. A6, panel A", "notes": "A broad gray horizon exposed in sand, with a tape measure and sampling recesses." }, { "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. A6, panel B", "notes": "Thin dark horizon above pale sand; compare other Lommel views in this gallery." }, { "site": "Ommen", "region": "Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. A6, panel C", "notes": "An irregular dark horizon and wavy sand layers; the red arrow identifies the source’s proposed boundary." } ], "variants": [ { "label": "Supplementary figure and full caption (PDF, page 6)", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Wolbach-2018-Fire-Part-2-SI-sm.pdf#page=6" }, { "label": "Discussion of Usselo chronology — Meltzer et al. 2014", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4040610/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Germany / Belgium / Netherlands", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-080", "site": "Daisy Cave", "region": "USA · California · San Miguel Island", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Kinzie et al. — nanodiamond study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1086/677046", "locator": "Appendix B, Fig. B4", "source_date": "2014 paper; Tusk supplemental copy", "notes": "The cave setting (A), a close-up of the sampled dark sediment (B), and a measured section (C). Yellow dotted lines mark the authors’ proposed boundary near the top of Stratum I. The supplement uses nearby radiocarbon dates rather than a direct date on the nanodiamond-rich interval.", "family": "Kinzie et al. — nanodiamond study / Appendix B, Fig. B4", "shortlist": true, "rights": "© University of Chicago; original photographer and open reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-080.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-080-thumb.webp", "width": 944, "height": 673, "entry_ids": [ "BM-080" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Supplementary figure (PDF page 20; caption on page 21)", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Nanodiamond-Supplementary.pdf#page=20" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-011", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Seek and Ye Shall Find: ET material confirmed in Murray Springs Black Mat", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/seek-and-ye-shall-find-et-material-confirmed-in-murray-springs-black-mat", "locator": "bm21 / PNAS-associated image", "source_date": "2012-02-05", "notes": "Vivid orange, pale and dark sediment layers. The same view occurs in Ballard slide 40 and the smaller Tusk image.", "family": "Classic Murray Springs orange exposure", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-011.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-011-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1138, "entry_ids": [ "BM-011" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Smaller PNAS-named copy", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/murrayspring-clovis-blackmatsite-pnas-2007.jpg" }, { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/bm21-scaled.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-002", "site": "Lindenmeier", "region": "USA · Colorado", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 14", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Arrow points to dark horizon.", "family": "Howard slide 14", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-002.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-002-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-002" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 15: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-15-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-008", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 26", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Broad sandy exposure and dark Usselo horizon.", "family": "Howard slide 26", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-008.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-008-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-008" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 27: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-27-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-025", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Andrew Collins — Lommel field report", "source_url": "https://www.andrewcollins.com/page/articles/Lommel.htm", "locator": "Fig. 4", "source_date": "", "notes": "Unobstructed sandy face and undulating dark Usselo horizon.", "family": "Lommel / Fig. 4", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-025.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-025-thumb.webp", "width": 443, "height": 591, "entry_ids": [ "BM-025" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-006", "site": "Ojo de Agua", "region": "Mexico · Zacatecas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 22", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Wide exposure with dark band; compare the 2018 paper.", "family": "Howard slide 22", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-006.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-006-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-006" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 23: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-23-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Mexico", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-046", "site": "El Cedral", "region": "Mexico · San Luis Potosí", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "source_title": "Israde-Alcántara et al. — Five Younger Dryas black mats in Mexico", "source_url": "https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/6978/", "locator": "Fig. 5 / PDF p. 13", "source_date": "Online 2017 / volume 2018", "notes": "Three visible dark layers; distinguish individual beds and dates. Strong comparative field photograph.", "family": "El Cedral / Fig. 5 / PDF p. 13", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-046.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-046-thumb.webp", "width": 966, "height": 1300, "entry_ids": [ "BM-046" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Mexico", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-015", "site": "Geldrop-Aalsterhut", "region": "Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Dutch Diamonds Demand Extraordinary Explanations", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/dutch-diamonds-require-extraordinary-explanations", "locator": "2012 Tusk screenshot", "source_date": "2012-05-18", "notes": "Usselo profile. Dating and relationship to the YDB are debated.", "family": "Geldrop-Aalsterhut / 2012 Tusk screenshot", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-015.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-015-thumb.webp", "width": 1153, "height": 547, "entry_ids": [ "BM-015" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2012-05-20-at-9.10.16-PM.png" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Netherlands", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-028", "site": "Laarder Wasmeren", "region": "Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 20", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Clean exposed horizon with ruler.", "family": "Laarder Wasmeren / PDF page / slide 20", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-028.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-028-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-028" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Netherlands", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-029", "site": "Laarder Wasmeren", "region": "Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 21", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Closer exposure with shovel.", "family": "Laarder Wasmeren / PDF page / slide 21", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-029.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-029-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-029" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Netherlands", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-019", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Cosmic Tusk historical media", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/lommel-ydb.jpg", "locator": "lommel-ydb", "source_date": "", "notes": "Clean sampling face with tape measure and dark horizon.", "family": "Lommel / lommel-ydb", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-019.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-019-thumb.webp", "width": 293, "height": 385, "entry_ids": [ "BM-019" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [ { "date": "20251013014010", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251013014010/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/lommel-ydb.jpg" }, { "date": "20110131030408", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110131030408/http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/lommel-ydb.jpg" } ], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-032", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 28", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Field view with person and close-up with red tool.", "family": "Lommel / PDF page / slide 28", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-032.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-032-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-032" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-033", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 30", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Close-up of curved dark laminae alongside XRF results.", "family": "Lommel / PDF page / slide 30", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-033.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-033-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-033" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-024", "site": "Sheriden Cave", "region": "USA · Ohio", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "University of Cincinnati — platinum research", "source_url": "https://magazine.uc.edu/editors_picks/recent_features/platinum.html", "locator": "Photo 7", "source_date": "2017-03-14", "notes": "Paired close-ups; right panel explicitly labels the black carbon mat.", "family": "Sheriden Cave / Photo 7", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-024.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-024-thumb.webp", "width": 720, "height": 540, "entry_ids": [ "BM-024" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-016", "site": "Usselo horizon — trowel view", "region": "Europe · precise locality unresolved", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Younger Dryas Boundary independently identified in Michigan and Alabama lakes; reconfirmed in Netherlands…..and another Cosmic Tusk?!?", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/interesting-support-for-younger-dryas-boundary-ydb-theory-from-ballard-at-the-university-for-tennesee", "locator": "Kloosterman archive image", "source_date": "2014-04-19", "notes": "Iconic close-up with trowel. Do not infer exact locality from filename alone.", "family": "Usselo horizon — trowel view / Kloosterman archive image", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-016.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-016-thumb.webp", "width": 1024, "height": 599, "entry_ids": [ "BM-016" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/kloostermanns-usselo-horizon-1-1024x599.jpg" } ], "captures": [ { "date": "20140503021536", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20140503021536/http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/kloostermanns-usselo-horizon-1-1024x599.jpg" } ], "country": "Europe", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-055", "site": "Arlington Canyon", "region": "USA · California", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "2025 Arlington Canyon article — RETRACTED", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319840", "locator": "Fig. 3", "source_date": "2025", "notes": "RETRACTED SOURCE. Retained as photographic provenance only; its claims should not be relied upon without independent verification.", "family": "Arlington Canyon / Fig. 3", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-055.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-055-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1125, "entry_ids": [ "BM-055" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-014", "site": "Late-glacial exposure — Danish source", "region": "Europe · Danish source; exact locality unverified", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Dutch Crutch: Kloosterman hits field with pit sticks", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/dutch-crutch-kloosterman-hits-field-with-pit-sticks", "locator": "Archive image ydb-holland", "source_date": "2014-01-19", "notes": "The Tusk’s 2014 post attributes this image to Nanna Noe-Nygaard, The Geology of Denmark. Original Danish labels identify Allerød, Younger Dryas (Yngre Dryas) and Preboreal units. The image’s exact field locality and photographer remain unverified; the old “ydb-holland” filename is not reliable locality evidence.", "family": "Dutch exposure — locality unresolved / Archive image ydb-holland", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-014.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-014-thumb.webp", "width": 788, "height": 539, "entry_ids": [ "BM-014" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ydb-holland.png" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Europe", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-073", "site": "Finow soils — Kaiser comparison", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Kaiser et al. (2009), Boreas — Palaeopedological marker horizons in northern central Europe: characteristics of Lateglacial Usselo and Finow soils", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00076.x", "locator": "Fig. 5; printed p. 598 / PDF p. 8", "source_date": "2009", "notes": "Nine photographs of brown Finow soil horizons, marked Bwb in the paper. Panels identify Schorfheide 89, Finow-Postdüne C (overview and close-up), Hintersee 24, Schiffmühle 2, Glashütte, Perwenitz 2040, Wda 1 and Bledno 3. These are pedological comparisons, with source-specific dates; brown soil horizons are not automatically a single impact layer.", "family": "Kaiser 2009 / Fig. 5", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Kaiser et al. (2009), Boreas / John Wiley & Sons. Rendered from the published PDF with original panel letters, soil-horizon labels and caption retained; reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-073.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-073-thumb.webp", "width": 1550, "height": 1700, "entry_ids": [ "BM-073" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Schorfheide 89 (SH89)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5A", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Finow-Postdüne C (FC), overview", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5B", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Finow-Postdüne C (FC), close-up", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5C", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Hintersee 24 (UMD)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5D", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Schiffmühle 2 (SMÜ2)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5E", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Glashütte (G)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5F", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Perwenitz 2040 (PER)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5G", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Wda 1 (WDA1)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5H", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Bledno 3 (BLE3)", "region": "Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 5I", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." } ], "variants": [ { "label": "Published paper and complete figure caption", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/KAISER_et_al-2009-Boreas.pdf#page=8" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Europe", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-074", "site": "Usselo soils — Kaiser comparison", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Kaiser et al. (2009), Boreas — Palaeopedological marker horizons in northern central Europe: characteristics of Lateglacial Usselo and Finow soils", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2008.00076.x", "locator": "Fig. 4; printed p. 597 / PDF p. 7", "source_date": "2009", "notes": "Eight Usselo soil profiles, marked Eb or Ahb in the source. Panels A–F show German and Polish study profiles; G is Weelde, northern Belgium, and H is Lutterzand, eastern Netherlands. The caption credits K. Kasse for the two northwestern European comparison photographs. The paper evaluates buried soils with a range of ages, rather than establishing all horizons as one instantaneous event.", "family": "Kaiser 2009 / Fig. 4", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Kaiser et al. (2009), Boreas / John Wiley & Sons. Rendered from the published PDF with original panel letters, soil-horizon labels and caption retained; reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-074.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-074-thumb.webp", "width": 1550, "height": 1935, "entry_ids": [ "BM-074" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Alt Duvenstedt LA 123 (ALD)", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4A", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Altdarss 42 (ADO42)", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4B", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Katarzynka 3 (KAT3)", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4C", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Sumin 1 (SUM1)", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4D", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Wda 2 (WDA2)", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4E", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Bledno 2 (BLE2)", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4F", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Weelde", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4G", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." }, { "site": "Lutterzand", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "locator": "Fig. 4H", "notes": "Panel identification from the original figure caption and Table 1; see the paper for dates and horizon descriptions." } ], "variants": [ { "label": "Published paper and complete figure caption", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/KAISER_et_al-2009-Boreas.pdf#page=7" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-075", "site": "European Usselo / Finow compilation", "region": "Europe", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Ballard presentation reproducing Kaiser et al. material", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "Slide 3", "source_date": "2014 presentation / 2009 cited source", "notes": "Six-panel field-photo comparison; some images may recur in the thesis compilation. Original photographer and panel-level duplication require resolution.", "family": "European comparative montage", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-075.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-075-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-075" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Europe", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-013", "site": "Gainey", "region": "USA · Michigan", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Wittke et al. (2013), PNAS — supporting information", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3677428/", "locator": "SI Fig. 7 — Gainey sampling profile, panels A–C", "source_date": "2013", "notes": "The yellow dotted line in panel B marks the sampled contact between darker alluvium above and pale glacial till below. Wittke et al. report a spherule peak in a 5-cm sample at 32.5 cm depth. Panel A shows the layers; panel C shows the age-depth context. The source reports one OSL age of 12.36 ± 1.23 thousand years for the proposed boundary. This is a related sampling profile, not a classic black mat.", "family": "Gainey / Wittke 2013 SI Fig. 7", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Figure credited to Wittke et al. (2013), PNAS; full-size copy recovered through the Tusk’s archived Naturalis Historia post. Reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-013.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-013-thumb.webp", "width": 976, "height": 449, "entry_ids": [ "BM-013" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Full-size published figure and caption (976 × 449 pixels)", "url": "https://naturalishistoria.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/ydb-michigan-site-pnassuppfig7-2013.png" }, { "label": "Original supporting appendix — SI Fig. 7", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/3677428/bin/1301760110_sapp.pdf" }, { "label": "Earlier Tusk image (300-pixel copy)", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/ydb-michigan-site-pnassuppfig7-2013.png" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-018", "site": "Hall’s Cave", "region": "USA · Texas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Cosmic Tusk historical media", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/black-mat-halls-cave.jpg", "locator": "black-mat-halls-cave", "source_date": "", "notes": "Annotated west section, 2 m scale; caption credits Nan Sun. Proposed YD layer is marked; visually a brown cave stratum rather than a jet-black mat.", "family": "Hall’s Cave / black-mat-halls-cave", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-018.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-018-thumb.webp", "width": 946, "height": 846, "entry_ids": [ "BM-018" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [ { "date": "20250416121140", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250416121140/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/black-mat-halls-cave.jpg" }, { "date": "20200830005407", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20200830005407/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/black-mat-halls-cave.jpg" } ], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-050", "site": "Kulikovo / Sambian / Kamyshovoe / Chistoe", "region": "Southeastern Baltic", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Druzhinina et al. — Late Glacial Baltic layers", "source_url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2571-550X/8/2/28", "locator": "Fig. 4", "source_date": "2025-06-06", "notes": "A source figure with multiple profiles. Open the panel notes below for each location and its identification.", "family": "Kulikovo / Fig. 4, panel a", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-050.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-050-thumb.webp", "width": 850, "height": 685, "entry_ids": [ "BM-050", "BM-051", "BM-052", "BM-053" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Kulikovo", "region": "Southeastern Baltic", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 4, panel a", "notes": "Four core/profile photographs; horizon assignments follow the source, not visual color alone." }, { "site": "Sambian", "region": "Southeastern Baltic", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 4, panel b", "notes": "Four core/profile photographs; horizon assignments follow the source, not visual color alone." }, { "site": "Kamyshovoe", "region": "Southeastern Baltic", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 4, panel c", "notes": "Four core/profile photographs; horizon assignments follow the source, not visual color alone." }, { "site": "Chistoe", "region": "Southeastern Baltic", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 4, panel d", "notes": "Four core/profile photographs; horizon assignments follow the source, not visual color alone." } ], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Southeastern Baltic", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-030", "site": "Laarder Wasmeren", "region": "Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 22", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Sampling team and exposure context.", "family": "Laarder Wasmeren / PDF page / slide 22", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-030.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-030-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-030" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Netherlands", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-012", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Wittke et al. (2013), PNAS — supporting information", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3677428/", "locator": "SI Fig. 9 — Lommel, panels A–C", "source_date": "2013", "notes": "The yellow dotted line in panel B identifies the authors’ sampled boundary near the Usselo soil, with a tape measure for scale. Panel A summarizes the sand and Usselo sand units; panel C compares sample depths and ages. This is a European soil-profile comparison; its YDB correlation is the authors’ interpretation.", "family": "Lommel / Wittke 2013 SI Fig. 9", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-012.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-012-thumb.webp", "width": 788, "height": 314, "entry_ids": [ "BM-012" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Larger source figure — original linked by the Tusk archive", "url": "https://naturalishistoria.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/ybd-belgium-layer-pnas-2013suppfig9.png" }, { "label": "Supporting appendix — SI Fig. 9", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/3677428/bin/1301760110_sapp.pdf" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-026", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 1", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Montage: excavation, laminated horizon and specimen.", "family": "Lommel / PDF page / slide 1", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-026.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-026-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-026" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-027", "site": "Lommel", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 2", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Sampling and trowel montage; overlaps other circulated imagery.", "family": "Lommel / PDF page / slide 2", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-027.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-027-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-027" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-034", "site": "Lommel / Hungary comparison", "region": "Belgium / Hungary", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 38", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Usselo photo alongside a different podzol; do not identify both as YDB.", "family": "Lommel / Hungary comparison / PDF page / slide 38", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-034.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-034-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-034" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Belgium / Hungary", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-020", "site": "Lommel-Maatheide", "region": "Belgium", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Cosmic Tusk historical media", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/lommel-tsunami.jpg", "locator": "lommel-tsunami", "source_date": "", "notes": "Disturbed Usselo horizon with trowel. Source interpretation as tsunami-related is a hypothesis, not established by the photograph.", "family": "Lommel-Maatheide / lommel-tsunami", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-020.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-020-thumb.webp", "width": 960, "height": 720, "entry_ids": [ "BM-020" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [ { "date": "20230531005425", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230531005425/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/lommel-tsunami.jpg" }, { "date": "20120120101400", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120120101400/http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/lommel-tsunami.jpg" } ], "country": "Belgium", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-045", "site": "Lubbock Lake", "region": "USA · Texas", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "source_title": "Holliday, Surovell & Johnson (2016), PLOS ONE — A Blind Test of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4938604/", "locator": "Fig. 2", "source_date": "2016", "notes": "Trench 65 at Lubbock Lake: the photograph shows laminated light diatomite and dark mud layers, with age control on the left and reported spherule and nanodiamond results on the right. The source labels about 13,000 calendar years BP near the base and about 11,400 near the upper contact. This comparison includes younger layers. Recovered from the publisher’s original Figure 2 download.", "family": "Lubbock Lake / Fig. 2", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY — Holliday et al. (2016), PLOS ONE; published figure and labels retained.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-045.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-045-thumb.webp", "width": 1150, "height": 521, "entry_ids": [ "BM-045" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Publisher’s Figure 2, caption and download options", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155470.g002" }, { "label": "Original-resolution figure (TIFF)", "url": "https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/figure/image?download&size=original&id=10.1371/journal.pone.0155470.g002" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-031", "site": "Lutterzand", "region": "Netherlands", "category": "Usselo / Finow / European comparison", "source_title": "Joanne P. Ballard — European fieldwork presentation", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Usselo-Sept7.20141.pdf", "locator": "PDF page / slide 23", "source_date": "2014; fieldwork discussed includes 2011", "notes": "Riverbank view and peaty-horizon detail.", "family": "Lutterzand / PDF page / slide 23", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Cite Ballard; third-party photo rights vary", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-031.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-031-thumb.webp", "width": 1300, "height": 975, "entry_ids": [ "BM-031" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Netherlands", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-061", "site": "Mucuñuque catchment", "region": "Venezuela · Mérida Andes", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Mahaney et al. — Notes on the black mat sediment", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/black-mat-third-paper-details-venezuelan-occurrence/", "locator": "Fig. 2 / PDF p. 4", "source_date": "2011", "notes": "Rock-crust specimen photograph; not a conventional soil-profile black mat.", "family": "Mucuñuque catchment / Fig. 2 / PDF p. 4", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-061.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-061-thumb.webp", "width": 999, "height": 1300, "entry_ids": [ "BM-061" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Venezuela", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-001", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 13", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Annotated contextual view with inset.", "family": "Howard slide 13", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-001.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-001-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-001" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-010", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Wikimedia Commons — Ammodramus", "source_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Murray_Springs_Clovis_site,_Clanton_clay_black_mat_1.JPG", "locator": "Clanton clay black mat 1", "source_date": "2016-03-12", "notes": "Vegetation obscures the exposure; context photo, weak teaching choice.", "family": "Murray Springs / Clanton clay black mat 1", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC0 — Commons file page", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-010.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-010-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-010" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-021", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Twitter Tusk", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/cosmic-impact-black-mat-younger-dryas", "locator": "twitter-murray-springs-2", "source_date": "2019-12-27", "notes": "Wide profile with a Twitter logo overlay; locate unbranded original for publication.", "family": "Murray Springs / twitter-murray-springs-2", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-021.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-021-thumb.webp", "width": 1280, "height": 720, "entry_ids": [ "BM-021" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/twitter-murray-springs-2.jpg" } ], "captures": [ { "date": "20230519145302", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230519145302/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/twitter-murray-springs-2.jpg" } ], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-022", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Just in from Vance Haynes at Murray Springs Clovis Site", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/just-in-from-vance-haynes-at-murray-springs-clovis-site", "locator": "murray-springs-clovis-comet", "source_date": "2010-02-16", "notes": "Profile with microscopic insets. Smaller Tusk copy is the same composite.", "family": "Murray Springs / murray-springs-clovis-comet", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-022.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-022-thumb.webp", "width": 432, "height": 359, "entry_ids": [ "BM-022" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/murray-springs-clovis-comet.jpg" } ], "captures": [ { "date": "20250915082855", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250915082855/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/murray-springs-clovis-comet.jpg" }, { "date": "20140412113754", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20140412113754/http://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/murray-springs-clovis-comet.jpg" } ], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-056", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Old Pueblo Archaeology bulletin 80", "source_url": "https://www.oldpueblo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Issue-80-March-2020-Old-Pueblo-Tour-Led-by-the-Two-Vances-and-Other-Activities.pdf", "locator": "PDF p. 1", "source_date": "March 2020", "notes": "Vance Haynes pointing out the black mat during the November 2019 tour. Photo: Vance T. Holliday.", "family": "Murray Springs / PDF p. 1", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-056.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-056-thumb.webp", "width": 928, "height": 1200, "entry_ids": [ "BM-056" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-057", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Old Pueblo Archaeology bulletin 80", "source_url": "https://www.oldpueblo.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Issue-80-March-2020-Old-Pueblo-Tour-Led-by-the-Two-Vances-and-Other-Activities.pdf", "locator": "PDF p. 14", "source_date": "March 2020", "notes": "Vance Haynes pointing out the black mat during the November 2019 tour. Photo: Allen Dart.", "family": "Murray Springs / PDF p. 14", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-057.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-057-thumb.webp", "width": 928, "height": 1200, "entry_ids": [ "BM-057" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-039", "site": "Murray Springs / Chobot / Lake Hind / Blackwater Draw / Topper / Morley", "region": "USA · Arizona · Canada · Alberta · Canada · Manitoba · USA · New Mexico · USA · South Carolina", "category": "Multiple horizons / comparison", "source_title": "Firestone et al. (2007), PNAS — Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2042154/", "locator": "Fig. 1", "source_date": "2007", "notes": "Original comparison of seven sampling profiles and their proxy measurements. Six sites have field photographs; Gainey has a graph only. Blackwater Draw is a composite of three photographs. Depth scales and dates are those published in 2007; the panel notes distinguish individual sites. Recovered from the paper’s native 1600-pixel figure.", "family": "Murray Springs / Fig. 1 — Murray Springs", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-039.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-039-thumb.webp", "width": 1600, "height": 1016, "entry_ids": [ "BM-039", "BM-040", "BM-041", "BM-042", "BM-043", "BM-044" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 1 — Murray Springs", "notes": "Classic profile in original comparative figure. Composite preview; do not count the whole figure anew for each panel." }, { "site": "Chobot", "region": "Canada · Alberta", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 1 — Chobot", "notes": "Alleged black mat; interpretation disputed, including possible surface organic material. Composite preview; do not count the whole figure anew for each panel." }, { "site": "Lake Hind", "region": "Canada · Manitoba", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 1 — Lake Hind", "notes": "Dark horizon in original comparative figure. Composite preview; do not count the whole figure anew for each panel." }, { "site": "Blackwater Draw", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 1 — Blackwater Draw", "notes": "Profile assembled from three photographs. Composite preview; do not count the whole figure anew for each panel." }, { "site": "Topper", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "locator": "Fig. 1 — Topper", "notes": "Profile included in YDB paper, but not a classic black mat. Composite preview; do not count the whole figure anew for each panel." }, { "site": "Morley", "region": "Canada · Alberta", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 1 — Morley", "notes": "Dark horizon in original comparative figure. Composite preview; do not count the whole figure anew for each panel." } ], "variants": [ { "label": "Full paper — Figure 1 and caption, PDF page 4", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Evidence-for-an-extraterrestrial-impact-12900-years-ago-that-contributed-to-the-megafaunal-extinctions-and-the-Younger-Dryas-cooling.pdf#page=4" }, { "label": "Persistent article DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706977104" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-058", "site": "Murray Springs / Curry Draw", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Archaeology Southwest 23(3)", "source_url": "https://www.archaeologysouthwest.org/pdf/arch-sw-v23-no3.pdf", "locator": "PDF p. 20", "source_date": "2009", "notes": "Dry and flowing-water comparison views; inspect publication for individual photo dates.", "family": "Murray Springs / Curry Draw / PDF p. 20", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-058.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-058-thumb.webp", "width": 928, "height": 1200, "entry_ids": [ "BM-058" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-035", "site": "Murray Springs / Quebrada del Chaco 2 / El Salto 1 / Río Salado", "region": "USA · Arizona · Chile", "category": "Multiple horizons / comparison", "source_title": "Pigati et al. (2012), PNAS — Accumulation of impact markers in desert wetlands and implications for the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3358914/", "locator": "Fig. 2", "source_date": "2012", "notes": "Four photographed black-mat exposures: Murray Springs (A), Quebrada del Chaco 2 (B), El Salto 1 (C), and Río Salado (D). The paper investigates mats of different ages, approximately 6 to more than 40 thousand years; the Chilean examples must be read with their individual dating context. Recovered at native resolution from the paper’s Figure 2.", "family": "Murray Springs / Fig. 2, panel A", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-035.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-035-thumb.webp", "width": 1359, "height": 517, "entry_ids": [ "BM-035", "BM-036", "BM-037", "BM-038" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 2, panel A", "notes": "Four-panel source image. Chilean examples must not automatically be dated to the YDB; this study includes widely differing ages." }, { "site": "Quebrada del Chaco 2", "region": "Chile", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "locator": "Fig. 2, panel B", "notes": "Four-panel source image. Chilean examples must not automatically be dated to the YDB; this study includes widely differing ages." }, { "site": "El Salto 1", "region": "Chile", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "locator": "Fig. 2, panel C", "notes": "Four-panel source image. Chilean examples must not automatically be dated to the YDB; this study includes widely differing ages." }, { "site": "Río Salado", "region": "Chile", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "locator": "Fig. 2, panel D", "notes": "Four-panel source image. Chilean examples must not automatically be dated to the YDB; this study includes widely differing ages." } ], "variants": [ { "label": "Full paper — Figure 2 and caption, PDF page 3", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Accumulation-of-impact-markers-in-desert-wetlands-and-implications-for-the-Younger-Dryas-impact-hypothesis.pdf#page=3" }, { "label": "Persistent article DOI", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200296109" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-017", "site": "Ojo de Agua", "region": "Mexico · Zacatecas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard, The Cosmic Tusk — Mexican Black Mat in Quaternary International", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/9474-2", "locator": "Ardelean et al. 2018 Fig. 5", "source_date": "2018-01-15", "notes": "A source figure with multiple profiles. Open the panel notes below for each location and its identification.", "family": "Ojo Fig5", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-017.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-017-thumb.webp", "width": 1420, "height": 1182, "entry_ids": [ "BM-017", "BM-049" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Ojo de Agua", "region": "Mexico · Zacatecas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Ardelean et al. 2018 Fig. 5", "notes": "Measured column and profile; duplicate of paper page 8." }, { "site": "Ojo de Agua", "region": "Mexico · Zacatecas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "locator": "Fig. 5 and Fig. 6", "notes": "Measured column and dark Unit C. Paper reports a YD-interval age; this is not proof of an instantaneous onset layer." } ], "variants": [ { "label": "Archived image file", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Screen-Shot-2018-01-14-at-10.46.57-PM.png" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Mexico", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-047", "site": "Ojo de Agua", "region": "Mexico · Zacatecas", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "source_title": "Ardelean et al. — Ojo de Agua black mat", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Ardeleanetal2018QIblackmat.pdf", "locator": "Fig. 3", "source_date": "2018", "notes": "Gully and X10 trench; older dark deposits discussed, including material older than 39,000 cal BP. Not interchangeable with the YD unit.", "family": "Ojo de Agua / Fig. 3", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-047.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-047-thumb.webp", "width": 901, "height": 1200, "entry_ids": [ "BM-047" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Mexico", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-048", "site": "Ojo de Agua", "region": "Mexico · Zacatecas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Ardelean et al. — Ojo de Agua black mat", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Ardeleanetal2018QIblackmat.pdf", "locator": "Fig. 4", "source_date": "2018", "notes": "Wide western arroyo exposure, about 6 m high.", "family": "Ojo de Agua / Fig. 4", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-048.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-048-thumb.webp", "width": 901, "height": 1200, "entry_ids": [ "BM-048" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "Mexico", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-007", "site": "Pilauco", "region": "Chile", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 24", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Dark sediment profile; proposed YDB identification.", "family": "Howard slide 24", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-007.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-007-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-007" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 25: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-25-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "Chile", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-054", "site": "Santa Rosa Island", "region": "USA · California", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "source_title": "Cosmic Tusk reproducing Pinter 2011 material", "source_url": "https://cosmictusk.com/santa-rosa-islands-black-mats-somebody-please-take-the-picture/", "locator": "Multi-panel field figure", "source_date": "2011 image source / 2026 Tusk post", "notes": "Black mats of multiple ages; not every dark layer is YDB.", "family": "Santa Rosa Island / Multi-panel field figure", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-054.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-054-thumb.webp", "width": 850, "height": 774, "entry_ids": [ "BM-054" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-004", "site": "Sheriden Cave", "region": "USA · Ohio", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 18", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "Dark cave sediment; attribution is to the presentation, not a known photographer.", "family": "Howard slide 18", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-004.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-004-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-004" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 19: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-19-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-023", "site": "Sheriden Cave", "region": "USA · Ohio", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "University of Cincinnati — platinum research", "source_url": "https://magazine.uc.edu/editors_picks/recent_features/platinum.html", "locator": "Photo 6", "source_date": "2017-03-14", "notes": "Researchers beside the exposure; field context.", "family": "Sheriden Cave / Photo 6", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-023.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-023-thumb.webp", "width": 720, "height": 540, "entry_ids": [ "BM-023" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-005", "site": "Topper", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "George Howard — Younger Dryas Impact V1", "source_url": "https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/younger-dryas-impact-v1/253994514", "locator": "Slide 20", "source_date": "2022 upload / 2023 Tusk post", "notes": "YDB-associated soil profile. Do not label this as a confirmed black mat.", "family": "Howard slide 20", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Tusk invites reuse of deck; underlying photo authorship not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-005.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-005-thumb.webp", "width": 1700, "height": 1275, "entry_ids": [ "BM-005" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Slide 21: same view with artifact overlay", "url": "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/newydismall-221104032612-5946688d/75/Younger-Dryas-Impact-V-1-21-2048.jpg" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-062", "site": "Upper Guil", "region": "France · Alps", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Recent developments in analysis of the black mat layer", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12033", "locator": "Fig. 2 / PDF p. 5", "source_date": "2014", "notes": "Landscape and clast-rind photograph with stratigraphic diagrams; related hypothesis, not an iconic black band.", "family": "Upper Guil / Fig. 2 / PDF p. 5", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-062.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-062-thumb.webp", "width": 914, "height": 1300, "entry_ids": [ "BM-062" ], "panels": [], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "France", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-059", "site": "Water Canyon", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "source_title": "Water Canyon black mat — NM Geological Society guidebook", "source_url": "https://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/downloads/67/67_p0491_p0500.pdf", "locator": "Fig. 5; printed p. 495 / PDF p. 7", "source_date": "2016", "notes": "A source figure with multiple profiles. Open the panel notes below for each location and its identification.", "family": "Water Canyon / Fig. 5; printed p. 495 / PDF p. 7", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Reuse permission not established", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-059.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-059-thumb.webp", "width": 1160, "height": 1500, "entry_ids": [ "BM-059", "BM-060" ], "panels": [ { "site": "Water Canyon", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "locator": "Fig. 5; printed p. 495 / PDF p. 7", "notes": "North side of No Name Arroyo, arrow identifies dark deposit. Deposit spans the Pleistocene–Holocene transition; do not assign every part to the YDB." }, { "site": "Water Canyon", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "category": "Other-age or mixed-age black mats", "locator": "Fig. 6; printed p. 495 / PDF p. 7", "notes": "Locus 1 Unit 6 sampling exposure, approximately 90 cm deep. Deposit spans the Pleistocene–Holocene transition; do not assign every part to the YDB." } ], "variants": [], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-088", "site": "White Pond — annotated boundary interval", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Moore et al. — White Pond boundary-layer study", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.14293/ACI.2026.0003", "locator": "Fig. 12, cores WP16-1 through WP16-4", "source_date": "2026", "notes": "Actual sediment-core photomosaics with depth scales, ages, and proxy locations. The red dashed rectangle brackets lithologic Unit II, which contains the proposed YDB interval; it is not a single boundary line. The authors model the onset at about 12,875–12,775 calendar years BP. These are annotated views of the same 2016 cores shown in the 2019 overview below.", "family": "Moore et al. — White Pond boundary-layer study", "shortlist": true, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al. (2026); original annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-088.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-088-thumb.webp", "width": 2008, "height": 1843, "entry_ids": [ "BM-088" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Full paper and caption (PDF, page 15)", "url": "https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/aci20260003.pdf#page=15" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "cores" }, { "id": "BM-081", "site": "White Pond", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "Moore et al. — White Pond sediment cores", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6805854/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 9", "source_date": "2019", "notes": "Photomosaics of four sediment cores, aligned at the mud-to-peat transition at the top of Unit II. The dark organic-rich unit preserves the interval investigated for the Younger Dryas boundary. Depths differ among cores; the modern surface peat is not the proposed boundary. Enlarge to compare the labeled units.", "family": "Moore et al. — White Pond sediment cores / Supplementary Fig. 9", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; figure extracted without altering its labels", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-081.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-081-thumb.webp", "width": 1065, "height": 1723, "entry_ids": [ "BM-081" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Open-access supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6805854/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "cores" }, { "id": "BM-082", "site": "Squires Ridge", "region": "USA · North Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5343653/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 9", "source_date": "2017", "notes": "A measured excavation face with sampling column, archaeological levels, dates, and platinum results. The authors mark a proposed YDB near 80 cm; this is a sandy profile, not a conspicuous black mat.", "family": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly / Supplementary Fig. 9", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; original figure annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-082.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-082-thumb.webp", "width": 1178, "height": 1540, "entry_ids": [ "BM-082" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Recovered supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-083", "site": "Barber Creek", "region": "USA · North Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5343653/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 10", "source_date": "2017", "notes": "The west profile exposes younger windblown sand above older alluvium. Dating and platinum measurements identify the interval of interest; a continuous dark mat is not visible.", "family": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly / Supplementary Fig. 10", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; original figure annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-083.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-083-thumb.webp", "width": 755, "height": 967, "entry_ids": [ "BM-083" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Recovered supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-084", "site": "Kolb", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5343653/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 11", "source_date": "2017", "notes": "A reddish excavation profile with a scale, sampling column, artifact counts, and dating annotations. The source proposes a boundary around 90–92.5 cm. Retained as a comparison showing that a candidate YDB need not be a black band.", "family": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly / Supplementary Fig. 11", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; original figure annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-084.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-084-thumb.webp", "width": 752, "height": 1138, "entry_ids": [ "BM-084" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Recovered supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-085", "site": "Flamingo Bay", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5343653/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 12", "source_date": "2017", "notes": "A sand-rim excavation at a Carolina bay. The source labels the proposed boundary around 50–55 cm and overlays platinum results. The dark near-surface soil should not be mistaken for that deeper interval.", "family": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly / Supplementary Fig. 12", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; original figure annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-085.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-085-thumb.webp", "width": 639, "height": 1051, "entry_ids": [ "BM-085" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Recovered supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-086", "site": "Pen Point", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5343653/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 13", "source_date": "2017", "notes": "A broad excavation face with archaeological zones and the sampled column. The source places the candidate boundary near the lower part of the section; this is a related sandy profile rather than a classic black mat.", "family": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly / Supplementary Fig. 13", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; original figure annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-086.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-086-thumb.webp", "width": 1216, "height": 1512, "entry_ids": [ "BM-086" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Recovered supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-087", "site": "Johns Bay", "region": "USA · South Carolina", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly", "source_url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5343653/", "locator": "Supplementary Fig. 15", "source_date": "2017", "notes": "A Carolina-bay sand-rim exposure with depth scale, sample column, and age estimates. The proposed boundary lies near the base of the sampled section. Its identification relies on stratigraphy and measurements rather than a dark band.", "family": "Moore et al. — widespread platinum anomaly / Supplementary Fig. 15", "shortlist": false, "rights": "CC BY 4.0 — Moore et al.; original figure annotations retained", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-087.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-087-thumb.webp", "width": 826, "height": 986, "entry_ids": [ "BM-087" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Recovered supplementary files (Europe PMC ZIP)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-090", "site": "Naco", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Related profile; not a classic black mat", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 6b", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Pale pond deposits; not a dark mat. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-090.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-090-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 239, "entry_ids": [ "BM-090" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig6.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-092", "site": "Lubbock Lake", "region": "USA · Texas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 6d", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Black-and-white diatomite above fluvial sand. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: Vance T. Holliday. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-092.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-092-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 240, "entry_ids": [ "BM-092" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig6.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-093", "site": "Knife River / Lake Ilo", "region": "USA · North Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 6e", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Leonard paleosol with Paleoindian occupations. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: Stanley A. Ahler; courtesy Center for the Study of the First Americans. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-093.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-093-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 242, "entry_ids": [ "BM-093" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig6.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-094", "site": "Lindenmeier", "region": "USA · Colorado", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 6f", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark soil above Peoria loess. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-094.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-094-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 242, "entry_ids": [ "BM-094" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig6.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-095", "site": "Hell Gap", "region": "USA · Wyoming", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 7a", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Goshen paleosol. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-095.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-095-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 242, "entry_ids": [ "BM-095" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig7.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-096", "site": "Agate Basin", "region": "USA · Wyoming", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 7b", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Multiple dark bands alternate with alluvium. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-096.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-096-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 242, "entry_ids": [ "BM-096" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig7.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-097", "site": "Lange-Ferguson", "region": "USA · South Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 7c", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark soil over an erosion surface. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-097.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-097-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 241, "entry_ids": [ "BM-097" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig7.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-098", "site": "Domebo", "region": "USA · Oklahoma", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 7d", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Organic sediment above the mammoth. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: Frank C. Leonhardy. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-098.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-098-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 241, "entry_ids": [ "BM-098" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig7.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-099", "site": "Aubrey", "region": "USA · Texas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 7e", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Lake sediment above the occupation surface. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Reid Ferring. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-099.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-099-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 246, "entry_ids": [ "BM-099" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig7.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-100", "site": "Fetterman", "region": "USA · Wyoming", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 7f", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Probable Younger Dryas paleosol. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-100.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-100-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 246, "entry_ids": [ "BM-100" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig7.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-102", "site": "Jim Pitts", "region": "USA · South Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 8b", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark soil with Paleoindian occupations. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-102.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-102-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 237, "entry_ids": [ "BM-102" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig8.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-104", "site": "Kaibito Plateau", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 8d", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Localized remnant of peat. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-104.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-104-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 240, "entry_ids": [ "BM-104" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig8.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-105", "site": "Wilson-Leonard", "region": "USA · Texas", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 8e", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Cienega soil beneath the Leanne paleosol. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: Vance T. Holliday. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-105.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-105-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 236, "entry_ids": [ "BM-105" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig8.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-106", "site": "Indian Creek", "region": "USA · Montana", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 8f", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Multiple organic stringers. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-106.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-106-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 236, "entry_ids": [ "BM-106" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig8.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-107", "site": "Arlington Springs", "region": "USA · California", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 9a", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark layers above the bone-bearing deposits. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: G. James West. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-107.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-107-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 242, "entry_ids": [ "BM-107" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig9.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-108", "site": "Arc", "region": "USA · New York", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 9b", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Peat above glacial sediment. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: Kenneth Tankersley; courtesy Center for the Study of the First Americans. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-108.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-108-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 242, "entry_ids": [ "BM-108" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig9.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-109", "site": "Frazier", "region": "USA · Colorado", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 9c", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark soil beneath the pick. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-109.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-109-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 245, "entry_ids": [ "BM-109" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig9.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-110", "site": "Jurgens", "region": "USA · Colorado", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 9d", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Bone-bed context within dark soil. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-110.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-110-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 245, "entry_ids": [ "BM-110" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig9.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-111", "site": "Lamb Spring", "region": "USA · Colorado", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 9e", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Channel fill and dark overlying sediment. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-111.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-111-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 249, "entry_ids": [ "BM-111" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig9.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-112", "site": "Flaming Arrow", "region": "USA · North Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 9f", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Strongly bioturbated dark soil. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-112.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-112-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 249, "entry_ids": [ "BM-112" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig9.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-113", "site": "Streifel gravel pit", "region": "USA · North Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 10a", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Leonard paleosol above loess. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": true, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-113.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-113-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 245, "entry_ids": [ "BM-113" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig10.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-114", "site": "Sheep Mountain Table", "region": "USA · South Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 10b", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Leonard paleosol at the formation base. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-114.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-114-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 245, "entry_ids": [ "BM-114" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig10.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-115", "site": "Wilcox Playa", "region": "USA · Arizona", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 10c", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark mat above beach deposits. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-115.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-115-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 244, "entry_ids": [ "BM-115" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig10.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-116", "site": "Sunshine", "region": "USA · Nevada", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 10d", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark Younger Dryas paleosol. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: George T. Jones. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-116.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-116-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 244, "entry_ids": [ "BM-116" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig10.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-117", "site": "Nall", "region": "USA · Oklahoma", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 10e", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Lower Nall paleosol beneath Baker paleosol. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: Vance T. Holliday. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-117.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-117-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 253, "entry_ids": [ "BM-117" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig10.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" }, { "id": "BM-118", "site": "JB Spring / East Rainey Butte", "region": "USA · North Dakota", "category": "Younger Dryas / proposed boundary", "source_title": "C. Vance Haynes Jr. (2008), PNAS — Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800560105", "locator": "Supporting Fig. 10f", "source_date": "2008", "notes": "Dark bands separated by colluvium. Identified in Haynes (2008); original panel extracted without enhancement.", "family": "Haynes — Younger Dryas black mats and the Rancholabrean termination", "shortlist": false, "rights": "Photograph: C. Vance Haynes Jr.. © 2008 National Academy of Sciences; open reuse permission not established.", "image": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-118.webp", "thumbnail": "/images/black-mat-gallery/bm-118-thumb.webp", "width": 300, "height": 253, "entry_ids": [ "BM-118" ], "panels": [], "variants": [ { "label": "Original six-panel plate", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_00560Fig10.jpg" }, { "label": "Supporting captions and site tables", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html" }, { "label": "Article and complete supporting-plate index", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2373324/" } ], "captures": [], "country": "USA", "collection": "field" } ], "leads": [ { "id": "BM-064", "site": "European Usselo / Finow sites", "region": "Netherlands / Belgium / Germany / Poland", "source_title": "Van Hoesel thesis", "source_url": "https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/1874/294136/2/vanHoesel.pdf", "locator": "Fig. 5.2", "notes": "Thesis download blocked. Tusk has two figure screenshots; panel identities include Altdarss, Blankenförde, Geldrop-Aalsterhut, Katarzynka, Lommel, Lutterzand, Murray Springs and Rosenberg." }, { "id": "BM-065", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "source_title": "Historical Tusk image", "source_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190707174723/https://cosmictusk.com/wp-content/uploads/Murray_Springs-1024x686.jpg", "locator": "Wayback 2019 capture", "notes": "Current URL returned 403. CDX capture confirmed; replay not verified." }, { "id": "BM-066", "site": "Murray Springs", "region": "USA · Arizona", "source_title": "Mammoth Trumpet 15(2)", "source_url": "https://liberalarts.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2019/08/vol15_num2.pdf", "locator": "2000 issue", "notes": "PDF recovered; relevant photo still needs page-level verification." }, { "id": "BM-067", "site": "Pilauco", "region": "Chile", "source_title": "Pino et al. 2019", "source_url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-38089-y", "locator": "Primary paper figures", "notes": "Presentation photo is cataloged; original publication photo provenance still to resolve." }, { "id": "BM-068", "site": "Multiple black-mat sites", "region": "USA", "source_title": "Harris-Parks 2014 thesis", "source_url": "https://www.geo.arizona.edu/Antevs/Theses/HarrisParks2014.pdf", "locator": "Former university PDF", "notes": "Old source URL returned 404. Find institutional replacement." }, { "id": "BM-069", "site": "Blackwater Draw / Murray Springs", "region": "USA", "source_title": "CNM — The Earliest New Mexicans", "source_url": "https://mytext.cnm.edu/lesson/chapter-4-the-earliest-new-mexicans/", "locator": "Teaching photographs", "notes": "Page access restricted; image-level source and license not verified." }, { "id": "BM-071", "site": "Water Canyon", "region": "USA · New Mexico", "source_title": "UNM Office of Contract Archeology", "source_url": "https://oca.unm.edu/watercanyon.html", "locator": "Site collection", "notes": "Promising additional institutional photos; not individually inventoried in this snapshot." }, { "id": "BM-072", "site": "Abu Hureyra", "region": "Syria", "source_title": "Abu Hureyra Part 2", "source_url": "https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.14293%2FACI.2023.0002", "locator": "2023 paper", "notes": "Site/trench imagery may provide context; visible black-mat photograph not verified." } ], "source_resolutions": [ { "id": "BM-070", "source": "Moore et al. 2017 supplementary information", "status": "Recovered and visually inspected", "recovered_from": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC5343653/supplementaryFiles", "added_entries": [ "BM-082", "BM-083", "BM-084", "BM-085", "BM-086", "BM-087" ] }, { "source": "White Pond 2019 supplementary information", "status": "Recovered and visually inspected", "recovered_from": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/europepmc/webservices/rest/PMC6805854/supplementaryFiles", "added_entries": [ "BM-081" ] }, { "id": "BM-063", "source": "Haynes 2008 supporting figures 6–10", "status": "All five original plates and captions recovered; 30 individual panels extracted and visually reviewed", "recovered_from": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/instance/2373324/bin/pnas_0800560105_index.html", "added_entries": [ "BM-089", "BM-090", "BM-091", "BM-092", "BM-093", "BM-094", "BM-095", "BM-096", "BM-097", "BM-098", "BM-099", "BM-100", "BM-101", "BM-102", "BM-103", "BM-104", "BM-105", "BM-106", "BM-107", "BM-108", "BM-109", "BM-110", "BM-111", "BM-112", "BM-113", "BM-114", "BM-115", "BM-116", "BM-117", "BM-118" ] } ], "title": "Dirt Bib" }