Younger Dryas Impact Evidence

See the layer: Introducing the Dirt Bib

What does a black mat actually look like? Explore the Tusk’s new searchable photo gallery, beginning with clear exposures at Murray Springs and Blackwater Draw.

George Howard · November 5, 2026

We talk a lot about the Younger Dryas boundary here at the Tusk. But if you’re new to the subject, it helps to see the ground we’re talking about.

So we’ve assembled a Dirt Bib: our visual companion to the literature bibliography, with field photographs and a distinct soil and sediment-core section drawn from the Tusk archive, research papers, and presentations, with the clearest examples up front. Here are two places to start.

Murray Springs, Arizona: a dark sediment band lies immediately above a bright white layer, with a person at right for scale.
Murray Springs, Arizona. Look just above the bright white sediment for the dark black mat. The Younger Dryas boundary is at its lower contact. Photograph: Jeff Pigati / U.S. Geological Survey, public domain. Original source.
Blackwater Draw, New Mexico: an orange arrow points to a dark band beneath pale sediment in an exposed profile.
Blackwater Draw, New Mexico. The orange arrow picks out the dark band at the Clovis type-site. From my Younger Dryas Impact V.1 presentation, slide 16; slide labels and arrow retained.

The gallery brings together field photographs and annotated profiles from dozens of sites. Search by place, compare different exposures, enlarge the photographs, and follow links to their sources. Notes distinguish proposed boundary layers from older or younger black mats: a dark band alone cannot tell us its age or how it formed.

It’s a visual companion to the blinded replication study now underway, and a starting point for anyone wondering what researchers actually sample. You can also find it anytime under Resources.

Explore the Dirt Bib

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